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- 02:24, 23 October 2023 Erythromelalgia (hist | edit) [5,851 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Erythromelalgia''' (or erythermalgia) is a paroxysmal vascular acrosyndrome characterized by episodes of painful erythema of the extremities. It is very rare, with an incidence of less than 2 per 100,000 inhabitants per year, so its epidemiological characteristics remain uncertain. Based on small recent series, it appears to predominate in women in developed countries (sex ratio of four women to one man), and the median age of diagnosis is 61. However, it can occur at...") Tag: Visual edit
- 23:58, 22 October 2023 Chilblains (hist | edit) [4,334 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Chilblains''' (or erythema pernio) is a paroxysmal vascular acrosyndrome characterized by the appearance of pruritic, erythrocyanotic lesions on the extremities, reflecting ischemia due to arteriovenous vasospasm following prolonged exposure to moderate cold and arteriolar vasodilatation with venous spasm persisting on reheating. The prevalence of the condition is high (around 2.5% in women and 0.5% in men). It should be distinguished from frostbite (ischemic lesions...") Tag: Visual edit
- 21:16, 22 October 2023 Acrocyanosis (hist | edit) [4,391 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Acrocyanosis''' is a permanent vascular acrosyndrome characterized by a painless cyanotic (usually bluish) discoloration of the extremities, which may be accentuated by cold or emotion. It may be primary (idiopathic) or, more rarely, secondary to another pathology. ==Etiologies== ===Primary acrocyanosis=== Primary acrocyanosis is the most common acrosyndroma, and is always benign. It most frequently affects women, adolescents and adults under the age of 30. It tends...") Tag: Visual edit
- 13:57, 9 October 2023 GOLD -ABE classification (hist | edit) [1,309 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The '''GOLD - ABE (Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ABE) classification''' is a clinical and spirometric severity scale for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Its prognostic and therapeutic implications make it widely used in routine clinical practice. Historically limited to a single GOLD grading, it has become more complex with the addition of a therapeutic grading ABCD then ABE (since 2023) to the GOLD grading, which is now limited to...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 12:41, 9 October 2023 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (hist | edit) [21,880 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)''' is defined as permanent expiratory airflow limitation due to chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. Bronchial obstruction is generally progressive and irreversible, but may be accompanied by bronchial hyperreactivity and be partially reversible. Other obstructive causes (cystic fibrosis, obliterative bronchiolitis, etc.) should be ruled out. Smoking is by far the most important etiological factor. Chronic bronchitis is de...") Tag: Visual edit
- 04:56, 5 October 2023 Craniocervical arterial dissection (hist | edit) [11,911 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The incidence of cervico-encephalic artery dissections is around 4/ 100,000 inhabitants/year. The average age of onset is around 40. They account for 20% of ischemic strokes in people under 50. Early diagnosis is crucial, as early treatment effectively reduces the risk of stroke. Elements of physiopathology Arterial dissection is a rupture of one or more layers of the arterial wall, usually limited to the intima, allowing blood to enter and cleaving the wall with an in...") Tag: Visual edit
- 13:36, 4 October 2023 Chemical tumor meningitis (hist | edit) [1,417 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Chemical tumor meningitis''' is defined here as meningeal inflammation secondary to the release of the contents of a cystic tumor into the subarachnoid spaces. The primary tumors found are usually benign (e.g. (epi)-dermoid cysts, craniopharyngiomas, etc.). The clinical picture is dominated by a meningeal syndrome and frequently spinal pain associated with bilateral or tilting radicular pain. It may evolve as a chronic or acute recurrent disease. Examination of cer...") Tag: Visual edit
- 08:16, 4 October 2023 Acute hypertensive encephalopathies (hist | edit) [10,220 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Acute hypertensive encephalopathy is a group of encephalopathies (global cerebral dysfunction) associated with malignant hypertension, with no other etiology identified. They can cause permanent brain damage, but are generally reversible (in >90% of cases) when blood pressure is reduced. These are medical emergencies. They can affect all ages and both sexes. However, there is a discrete peak at 20-40 years of age, and a discrete preponderance of women, due to the involv...") Tag: Visual edit
- 06:16, 4 October 2023 Lyme disease - borreliosis (hist | edit) [8,943 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Lyme disease - borreliosis Lyme disease or borreliosis is an infectious disease with polymorphous manifestations caused by Borrelia (burgdorferi, afzelii and garinii), bacteria transmitted by ticks. Its incidence is higher in the eastern United States, Scandinavian and Germanic countries. Risk factors: occupational and leisure activities in the forest, duration of contact with the tick (12 to 24 hours are required for transmission). Lyme disease is generally benign an...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 04:22, 4 October 2023 Neuroborreliosis (neurological effects of Lyme disease) (hist | edit) [7,030 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Neuroborreliosis''' is defined as the neurological manifestations of Lyme disease (general and extra-neurological aspects are dealt with in a separate chapter). Lyme disease or borreliosis is a systemic infection with certain Borrelia (tick-borne spirochetosis) whose manifestations are usually limited to the cutaneous and articular spheres. More rarely (≈ 10% of cases), it is complicated by cardiac and/or neurological manifestations, which make it particularly seri...") Tag: Visual edit
- 03:50, 4 October 2023 Carcinomatous meningitis (hist | edit) [5,617 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Carcinomatous meningitis''' or '''meningeal carcinomatosis''' is a tumoral meningitis defined as hematogenous meningeal infiltration by neoplastic cells leading to multifocal meningeal metastatic development. Today, its prognosis remains extremely poor, even with optimal, early management. ==Etiologies - Primary cancers== Melanoma (secondary melanoma meningitis), bronchial neoplasia (carcinomatous meningitis occurs during the course of 5-20% of bronchial cancers) and...") Tag: Visual edit
- 03:09, 4 October 2023 Centropontine myelinolysis (hist | edit) [3,654 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Centropontine myelinolysis''' is a particular form of '''osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS)''', the individualization of which is debated. It is considered rare and has a poor prognosis, but its actual incidence is unknown. ==Etiologies== All causes of abrupt variation in osmotic gradient, the most frequent being too rapid correction of hyponatremia. Less frequently encountered: hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, etc. Contributing factors: alcoholism (main...") Tag: Visual edit
- 16:07, 3 October 2023 Modified Fisher scale (hist | edit) [1,216 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The '''modified Fisher scale''', or modified Fisher score, is a radiological severity score for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) that has been validated as predictive of cerebral infarction due to vasospasm. It is now widely used to determine the intensity and duration of in-hospital monitoring of these patients. It can be downloaded as a pdf file: <pdf>File:Fishermodified.pdf</pdf> 800px|center|modified Fisher scale ==Author== Dr U...") Tag: Visual edit originally created as "Modified Fischer scale"
- 12:58, 3 October 2023 Support the project (hist | edit) [1,238 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Wikimedicine is produced on a non-profit basis and is not currently dependent on any private or public subsidies, so it has no conflicts of interest to declare. It has been built with our own funds and recently with our own bookshop. However, these funding methods are no longer sufficient to cover the site's hosting and development costs. If you like it, think it's worthwhile to keep it going and improving, to enable us to remain independent and not rely on advertising,...") Tag: Visual edit
- 08:04, 3 October 2023 Cerebrospinal fluid - main abnormalities (hist | edit) [17,662 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)''' or Cerebrospinal Liquid (CSL) is secreted by the choroid plexuses, circulates in the ventricular system and subarachnoid spaces, and is drained through venous resorption via the flap valves of Pacchioni's granulations. It serves mechanical (shock absorption), immune, pressure regulation, and transport functions. A sample can be obtained through a lumbar puncture, more rarely through a surgical device, or exceptionally, directly through a...") Tag: Visual edit
- 06:00, 3 October 2023 Biological cholestasis (hist | edit) [7,136 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "??") Tag: Visual edit
- 05:27, 3 October 2023 Mediacalcosis (mediacalcinosis) (hist | edit) [4,432 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Mediacalcosis''' or '''mediacalcinosis''' is a progressive calcifying sclerosis of the arterial tunica media, preferentially affecting medium-caliber arteries. Clinically, it is characterized by reduced or absent perception of peripheral pulses (arterial rigidity, "incompressible arteries"). This clinical feature is shared by obliterative arteriopathy of the lower limbs (AOMI), making it a differential diagnosis. == Etiologies == This condition is still the subject...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 13:14, 2 October 2023 Ischemic cerebral lacunae - lacunar infarcts (hist | edit) [13,866 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "A '''cerebral lacuna''' is defined anatomo-pathologically as a cavity less than 15 mm in diameter (some authors use a different cut-off), located in deep cerebral parenchyma and vascularized by an intracerebral perforating artery (basal ganglia, thalamus, semi-oval center, brainstem). '''Ischemic cerebral lacunae''', or '''lacunar infarcts''', reflect necrosis secondary to a critical lack of oxygen supply, representing a particular form of ischemic stroke. More rarely,...") Tag: Visual edit
- 11:05, 2 October 2023 Law directly related to medical practice (hist | edit) [11,471 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Many elements of law, impossible to comprehensively list, pertain to medical practice in Belgium. This article addresses those essential for every physician to know. Laws governing medical ethics are discussed in another article. Belgian legislation is accessible online. ==Article 422 bis of the Penal Code: Failure to Assist a Person in Danger== A physician is generally subject to more severe sanctions than an ordinary citizen in this context. However, as with any citi...") Tag: Visual edit
- 10:45, 2 October 2023 Code of medical ethics (hist | edit) [14,956 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "alt=Logo du conseil de l'ordre|border|right|frameless|242x242px The '''code of medical ethics''' encompasses the ethical rules of the medical profession. In Belgium, it is developed by the National Council of the Order. Currently, it does not hold the legal weight of a law. Any situation where the interpretation of the law or the code of ethics raises an issue, or any judicial request that seems to conflict with the principles of the code of ethics, ca...") Tag: Visual edit
- 10:10, 2 October 2023 Euthanasia (hist | edit) [16,643 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "border|right|frameless|350x350px|Euthanasia '''Euthanasia''' is arbitrarily defined here as the administration of pharmacological products to a patient by their caregivers with the aim of causing death. This is therefore a procedure completely different from the principle of therapeutic withholding or the administration of sedatives and analgesics at the end of life (even in cases where they may hasten death), which have long been accepted in Bel...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:02, 2 October 2023 Bioethics (hist | edit) [10,151 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Bioethics''' is an activity of reflection designed to find concrete solutions, rules of conduct, to conflicting problems arising from developments in the life sciences. More generally, '''ethics''' is the doctrine of human happiness and the means to achieve it through a set of rules of conduct. It is part of morality. '''Morality''', for its part, can be defined as a set of rules for action and values that function as norms in a society, a theory of the ends of human...") Tag: Visual edit
- 08:16, 2 October 2023 The doctor's role (hist | edit) [1,491 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The '''roles of doctors''' and their place in society vary from time to time and from country to country, depending on a number of factors: *Religious and mystical influence *Degree of political authoritarianism *Degree of influence of various health-related lobbies *Social structure: distribution of wealth and social status, caste, racism, sexism, etc. *Physicians' social and financial origins and status *Image of the community *Image of the individual *Education level...") Tag: Visual edit
- 07:26, 2 October 2023 Hippocratic Oath (hist | edit) [9,915 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The Hippocratic Oath, dating from the 4th century BC, is the first known set of written rules governing medical ethics. Some of its principles are still valid today. Most sources relating to the life of Hippocrates are indirect, and the authenticity of many of the writings attributed to him is open to question. This makes it difficult to distinguish reality from legend. In any case, he is considered the first to have separated medicine from other fields of knowledge, to...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:05, 2 October 2023 Legal framework of medical ethics (hist | edit) [7,887 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Deontology is a set of duties attached to an activity. It is codified for many professions (doctors, lawyers, priests, judges, etc.) and is intrinsically linked to ethics, i.e. to personal and collective philosophical considerations. The purpose of the following article is to provide a concise description of the legal framework in Belgium. Laws governing the practice of medicine are dealt with in another article. Belgian legislation can be consulted online. The legal f...") Tag: Visual edit
- 12:02, 1 October 2023 Heteroptera and bed bugs (hist | edit) [6,244 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Stink bugs or heteroptera are insects with biting mouthparts. Most are ecto-parasites of plants, but some have evolved to predate other insects or ecto-parasitize vertebrate animals (hematophagy). Their infestations, which were very frequent (almost ubiquitous) before the massive use of pesticides, have been on the increase over the last two decades. Species that parasitize humans Reducvid family This family includes hematophagous bugs at all stages of development (tr...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 02:31, 26 September 2023 Respiratory function testing (RFT) - elements of interpretation (hist | edit) [9,680 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Respiratory function tests (or explorations) study respiratory function, essentially through the study of respiratory volumes and flows and gas exchanges at rest and during exercise. Although dependent on the patient's cooperation, respiratory function tests are one of the main examinations contributing to the development and follow-up of chronic dyspnea. The aim of this article is not to be exhaustive, but to provide all doctors, whatever their specialty, with the info...") Tag: Visual edit
- 01:23, 26 September 2023 Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) (hist | edit) [1,946 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The '''Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)''' is the most sensitive rapid assessment test, with the broadest range of cognitive functions (attention, concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuo-constructive abilities, abstraction, calculation, orientation). It is tending to replace the MMSE in clinical practice. A score of less than 26 (25 in the case of a cultural level of no more than 3, equivalent to a primary school diploma or CEP) is considered abn...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:08, 25 September 2023 Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) (hist | edit) [2,114 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The '''Rapid Frontal Efficiency Battery (BREF)''' is a specific screening test for dysexecutive disorders commonly used in the evaluation of dementia syndromes, usually in conjunction with a more general test (such as an MMSE). A score below 16 (15 if cultural level < 3 = primary = CEP) is considered abnormal. It can be downloaded with its norms as a pdf : image As a reminder, the suspicion of a dementia syndrome (or of a loss of autonomy or depressive affects in an...") Tag: Visual edit
- 22:02, 18 September 2023 Medical ethics - Introduction (hist | edit) [2,032 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Deontology is a set of rights and duties attached to an activity. It is codified in various ways for many professions (doctors, lawyers, priests, judges, etc.) and is intrinsically linked to ethics, i.e. to personal and collective philosophical considerations. Professions considered to be in the public interest are generally governed by the law. Medical deontology is made up of : Rules enshrined in the Constitution, laws and royal decrees (A.R.), judicial jurisprudence...") Tag: Visual edit
- 17:31, 14 September 2023 Appendicitis (hist | edit) [8,806 bytes] Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Appendicitis is an inflammation of the ileocecal appendix, usually secondary to luminal obstruction. It affects 5% of the population and represents the most common abdominal surgical emergency. While it can occur at any age, there is a slight predominance in adolescents and young adults. Any clinical suspicion of appendicitis warrants referral to an emergency department for evaluation. Its course is typically acute, and the existence of chronic appendicitis remains cont...") Tag: Visual edit
